thomas more and margaret pole relationship

Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. He impressed the cardinal enough that he was knighted upon his return and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer. He had a true gift for friendship and inspired deep loyalty amongst his family and friends. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. And as his own reputation grew in London, he attracted the notice of the all-powerful Cardinal Wolsey. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. Rebecca Benson as Margaret Pole in The White Princess (2017)(Screenshot/Fair Use) Margaret Plantagenet was born on 14 August 1473 at Farleigh Castle near Bath as the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. He returned to Padua in 1532 and received a last English benefice in December of that same year. It was perfectly clear to any objective observer that the marriage was unlawful before God! He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. Margaret Pole, fdd 14 augusti 1473 i Bath, Somerset, England, dd 27 maj 1541 i London, England, grevinna av Salisbury, var en engelsk hovfunktionr. Reginald Pole, (born March 3, 1500, Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Eng.died Nov. 17, 1558, London), English prelate who broke with King Henry VIII over Henry's antipapal policies and later became a cardinal and a powerful figure in the government of the Roman Catholic queen Mary Tudor. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. Katharine was the kings true wife. Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. Margarets aunt, Anne Neville, thus became queen. He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. Afterwards, More's head was displayed on a pike at London Bridge for a month. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. In: Ghosts and Hauntings. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. His father was not supportive, but More was fully prepared to be disowned rather than disobey Gods will. Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. He sent envoys. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. Margarets daughter Ursula would have 13 children, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. Here is where it gets complicated. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. Gender: Male. She had a small estate of land, inherited from her husband, but no other income and no prospects. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. To my principles!". It was not so much a letter as a small book. The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. After she had redeemed her dead brothers lands from the crown, she owned property in Calais, and estates in Wales and 17 English counties. Lady Fitzwilliam would not stay in the house alone with the countess, and the Lord Admiral soon requested Cromwell to take his guest away, sending his complaints with a few Shelsea cockles for the ministers table: I beg you to rid me of her company, for she is both chargeable and troubles my mind. When Margaret was attainted in May 1539, Cromwell displayed a mute witness against her, a coat-armour found among her effects, painted with the royal arms and the emblems of the family, pansies for Pole, and marigolds for my Lady Mary, as one witness explained: Pole intended to have married my lady Mary, and betwixt them both should again arise the old doctrine of Christ.. Lewis, Jone Johnson. The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. Pierces book is thorough and scholarly, and her work is acknowledged in Higginbothams biography, which is less detailed, but serious and judicious. This phrase has been interpreted as meaning Edward was of low intelligence; it only means that he was unworldly, and Higginbotham sees this. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. Investigating An Anemometer. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. Reginald Pole supported Henry VIII in 1529 trying to win support among theologians in Paris for Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon. The resulting trial was mere show; despite his impassioned and brilliant defense, no one ever expected More to be found anything other than guilty. By 1520, as an indication of the trust placed in her, she had been appointed lady governor to the Princess Mary, born in 1516 and the only child of the royal marriage to survive for more than a few weeks. See me safe up, he told the lieutenant who escorted him, and for my coming down let me shift for myself.. European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. . She was executed in 1541, the act of attainder rendering a trial unnecessary. His resignation was at first not accepted. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. When not at Court, Margaret lived chiefly at Warblington Castle in Hampshire and Bisham Manor in Berkshire. Lewis, Jone Johnson. She is the daughter of a duke and the niece of two kings, Edward IV and Richard III. . This was not, as some say, Cratwell, who had himself been executed three years earlier, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole, "Unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Plantagenet , Countess of Salisbury National Portrait Gallery", "The Execution of Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "1541: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "Pole, Margaret, suo jure countess of Salisbury (14731541), noblewoman", "Margaret Plantagenet, Lady Pole & Countess of Salisbury (14731541)", "Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessd Margaret Pole, Southbourne", The Tragical History of King Richard the Third, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Pole,_Countess_of_Salisbury&oldid=1140799395, People convicted under a bill of attainder, People executed by Tudor England by decapitation, People executed under the Tudors for treason against England, Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Governesses to the English Royal Household, Hereditary peeresses created by Henry VIII, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from February 2023, Articles needing expert attention from June 2022, Miscellaneous articles needing expert attention, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, English Martyrs Church, Preston (she is on the right. More would have to either acknowledge the kings spiritual supremacy and marriage to Anne Boleyn, or he would die. After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. Margaret Pole was born about four years after her parents had married, and was the first child born after the couple lost their first child on board a ship fleeing to France during the Wars of the Roses. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. Edward was then brought out and displayed briefly to the public. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. Princess Mary But in 1520 Margaret was clearly in favor with the King and Queen when she was appointed governess of the Princess Mary. Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. It is at this moment that we must step back and consider the England in which More now lived. BORN: 1473. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. His father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at New Inn and later Lincolns Inn. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. There have been rumors of an alleged relationship with Lady Margaret (see the White Queen series, for example). She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. The former Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More is beheaded for High Treason after refusing to recognise King Henry VIII's religious supremacy. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. She began to write for the. It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. Even special physicians summoned from Spain could not help the queen to conceive again. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. The grave of Anne Boleyn. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . In some cases, they conspired against the crown while claiming, if it went badly, that their weak female brains had been addled by male influence, and that fragility and brittleness allowed their trust to be easily abused. Birth City: London, England. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. More would stand trial for his life. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. He collected books and rare objects, but he gave away his possessions freely as well. Soon he was acting as Henrys personal secretary and adviser, delivering official speeches, greeting foreign envoys, drafting treaties and other public documents, and composing the kings responses to Wolseys dispatches. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. England became an embattled nation. On 14 November 1538, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, was arrested. Or was there, as she claimed, nothing worth burning? A third account in Burke's Peerage, possibly apocryphal, described the appalling circumstances of the execution. If my head should win him a castle in France, he told his son-in-law in 1525, it should not fail to go.). When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. Thomas More worked hard for the king. Looking to her last end, Margaret commissioned a chantry at Christchurch Priory. Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. More also engaged in a public war of words on the kings behalf with Martin Luther, the father of the Reformation. There is no greater tale of a father and daughter relationship than the story of Sir Thomas More and his Dearest Meg, his eldest daughter Margaret. Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. 3. Margaret was one of just two women in 16th-century England to be a peeress in her own right (suo jure) without a husband in the House of Lords. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. Hilary Mantel. Although a jury of twelve men would have . Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. Wolsey, for all his brilliance and cunning, could not compete with that influence. She built herself a castle at Warblington, close to the sea on the Hampshire-Sussex border. ThoughtCo. We do not know. In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me! Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. More had already begun writing his History of King Richard III as well; it is considered the first masterpiece of English history and is wholly pro-Tudor. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. Get the best results here. Geoffrey Pole, who had given the government what it needed, was pardoned. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. My faithfulness stands fast and so, His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. Intellectuals from England and Europe visited; More was a generous and kind host. But no one could be sure they were dead, and not escaped abroad, or living under assumed names. It was also due to Henrys deep and unfeigned friendship with More. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. Margaret was 14, and probably remained at court rather than living with her husband. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. If, however, the subject lives a life of great extravagance, tell him he, too, can afford to give largely, the proof of his opulence being evident in his expenditure.. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. According to some stories, which are not accepted by many historians, she refused to lay her head on the block, and guards had to force her to kneel. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. Her heads. Edward IV died in 1483 when Margaret was ten. Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. * Walter Stafford (about 1539-after 1571 . This is what Margaret is now, besides paper and ink, and the ruins of her palaces: pieces of breastbone and pelvis, a single finger bone and four vertebrae. Of the many executions ordered by Henry VIII, surely the most horrifying was that of sixty-seven-year-old Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, hacked to pieces on the scaffold by a blundering headsman. Gregory had been corresponding with Reginald; the investigation of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter (Henry VIII's first cousin and Geoffrey's second cousin), had turned up his name. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. It seems Margaret was questioned about her contacts with Barton, but she came to no harm as a result and, unlike Gertrude, she escaped without grovelling. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. Ursula Pole, married Henry Stafford, whose title and lands were lost when his father was executed for treason and attainted, restored to a Stafford title under Edward VI. Mores only communication with Barton had been to warn her against meddling in affairs of state. But Reginald, it seemed, always got a tip-off. When Reginald was seven, and Margaret a widow with an uncertain future, she sent him to be educated at Sheen with the monks of the Charterhouse. London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. His eldest daughter Margaret married the lawyer William Roper in 1521, and More continued his practice of prayer and supervision of learning at his home. In Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541, Hazel Pierce was unable to corroborate Richard Morisyne's assertion that as a young widow Margaret Pole made her home with the other Bridgettine nuns at Syon abbey.However, the household accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort (held at St. John's College, Cambridge) reveal that this was indeed the case, recording payments to her from . She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. On 1 July 1535, he was indicted on high treason. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. His naivety meant that, when threats to the regime mounted, he was easily entrapped. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? It was the king who had paid for Reginalds education at Oxford and later in Italy, where his noble connections gave him the entre into the smartest humanist circles. For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. After Henry met Anne Boleyn situation was More difficult to detect in her life to give up her son relationship! Died in 1505, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of her four sons would marry and... 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