advantages and disadvantages of the mexican american war

May 15, 2023 0 Comments

Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. For these reasons, the use of telehealth has grown significantly over the . Explains that spain renounced florida to the united states in 1819, and the adam-onis treaty was signed and ratified in 1920. the mexicans drove the spaniards away from the country and announced texas as a mexican state. This provoked outrage because at the time Mexico still considered Texas part of its northeastern province territory, although Texas declared its secession after the 1836 Texas Revolution. American commanders/leaders. The United States acquired an immense western territory stretching from Texas to the Pacific and north to Oregon, which included Upper California, Utah. On May 13, 1846 President Polk signed the declaration of war. Also, Spain at that time had a bit the diplomatic status . In April at the Battle of Cerro Gordo, Santa Anna failed to halt the invasion of another U.S. army under General Winfield Scott, who captured Mexico City in September, thus assuring a U.S. victory in the war. The Mexican American War was not justified because the USA annexed Texas without Mexicos consent and they also trespassed the border, onto Mexicos land. Spain was an old, venerable glory. This form of government allows for local and regional control of minor . The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. Explains that the senate rejected the texas annexation treaty submitted by john tyler in 1844, and the two houses of congress passed a joint resolution that texas be annexed. Explains that polk wanted to annex texas so he could fulfill his belief in manifest destiny, while mexico kept texas as a neutral nation. Pros And Cons Of The Mexican American War. New York: Simon & Schuster. Explains that the united states opened exchange markets with profitable sources, such as the chinese, and chose the popular belief of manifest destiny. Explains that the second cause of the war came from the texas war of independence and the desire of integrating that areas to the united states. Explains that the us-mexican war destroyed the native american people's independence and autonomy. The Mexican War: A Compact History. The Mexican-American War was a conflict between the United States and Mexico. These disadvantages had a negative impact on both American and Mexican workers and even the environment. the battles of the Mexican-American War were over. James K. Polk believed in Manifest Destiny, Colonist spread across the nation from coast to coast. President Polks ultimate goal was not only to acquire Texas but California and New Mexico as well. The Mexican-American war in a nutshell. Smith, J. E. (2001). the small u.s navy was efficient and well-trained Mexico's unfortunate terrain and unstable government has hindered its ability to gain any significant amount of wealth as a . When electricity became available, then humanity's standard of living increased even further because of these efforts. The human cost for the United States was 13,238 killed and 4,152 wounded. However, the most important reasons were the idea of manifest destiny, Texas War of Independence, westward movement of the American, the refuse of negotiating of Mexico and the border dispute. Explains that the united states acquired an immense western territory stretching from texas to the pacific and north to oregon, which included upper california, utah. Even though many historians claim the war was forced on Mexico by slaveholders greedy for new territory, President John Polk viewed the war as an opportunity to defend the annexation of Texas, establish the Rio Grande as its border, and to acquire the Mexican territories of California and New Mexico (Stevenson 2009). Hill (USMA 1846; lieutenant general, Army of Northern Virginia, 1863); and Major John C. Pemberton, (USMA 1837; lieutenant general, Army of Mississippi, 1862), who joined Grant in the steeple of the church at San Cosm and defended Vicksburg against him 16 years later. ~ "Immigration in MEXICO stamps the tourist card and you are entitled to 180 days in Mex. Analyzes how merchants and traders arrived from the united states and mexican governments to enter the northern mexican territory, changing the economic climate of the place. 4, Manifest destiny - 2017 (Mexican-American War) - Available Online. Explains that the mexican-american war over the southwest of the north american continent took place between 1846 and 1848. Dufour, C. L. (1968). May marks two key anniversaries in the conflict between the United States and Mexico that set in motion the Civil Warand led to California, Texas, and eight other states joining the Union. The advantages that the United States had were that it was wealthier, larger, and more populous than Mexico. 1. The war involved American and Mexican fighting over Texas, after the United States had annexed Texas as the fifteenth slave state. The army's only indirect fire weapons, a mortar and two howitzers, remained under Taylor's personal control. Mexico wanted them to develop these long uninhibited lands of Texas, in hopes that it would promote development in the area. Consequently, the Mexican government encouraged border raids and warned that any U.S. attempt at annexation would lead to war. Copyright 2000-2023. . weaponry, but no resistance to yellow fever. Lee: An Abridgment by Richard Harwell of the Pulitzer-Prize Winning 4-Volume Biography. Narrates how the tension between the u.s and mexico was mounting. The Molino del Rey, a mill that Scott mistakenly thought was being converted into a cannon foundry during a cease-fire, was occupied, after some of the bloodiest fighting of the war, by Lieutenant Grant and First Lieutenant Robert Anderson (USMA 1825). History of the United States Army. america's greed was the major reason for the conflict. Destructive 'Super Pigs' From Canada Threaten the Northern U.S. The battle began to expand and sooner or later U.S. soldiers were rushing the Mexico territory. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. To the east, Butler was wounded though his men succeeded in taking La Teneria in heavy fighting. According to the Department of Commerce, U.S. exports of goods and services to Mexico supported an estimated 1.1 million jobs in 2019 (latest data available). Thousands were killed, and millions of dollars were spent, it was Americas first foreign war that was fought nearly completely on foreign soil, and forever changed the borders of both countries (Miller, 2006). Taylors communications line was cut by Mexican cavalry the next day, and the main Mexican attack began on February 23, pressing the Americans exposed left flank facing the eastern side of the pass, which Taylor had failed to fortify. The Mexican-American War was the first major conflict driven by the idea of "Manifest Destiny"; the belief that America had a God-given right, or destiny, to expand the country's borders from 'sea to shining sea'. Storming the hill, the Americans succeeded in taking the crest and capturing Fort Soldado. Grant, U. A city of around 10,000 people, Monterrey was protected to the south by the Rio Santa Catarina and the mountains of the Sierra Madre. he was elected 11 times but was often overthrown due to his ruling as a dictator. Mexico claimed the border at the Nueces River, while Texas claimed the border at the Rio Grande. NY: W.W. Norton. Terms of Use he successfully directed the mexican war, which won much of this territory. disadvantages: there is a smaller amount ofsoldiers, which is Cookie Settings, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Narrates how kearny and stockton disputed over the right of command and seized the presidency. All they had to do was accept Mexico 's requirements of becoming citizens, speaking Spanish and converting to Catholicism, this to people who were use to a government that people had rights and freedoms, not experienced in Mexico. the issue of slaves was a very heated one. (Nardo, 1991, p. 16). 1734 Words; 7 Pages . Disadvantages of Mexico during the War. The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was the first conflict of United States fought within foreign land. they continued to expand westward, hoping to protect themselves from other countries influences. More than a dozen future Civil War generals stood in front of Chapultepec Castle in 1847not just the ones already named, but First Lieutenant Simon Bolivar Bruckner (USMA 1844; brigadier general, Army of Central Kentucky, 1862), who fought alongside Grant at Molino del Rey and would surrender Fort Donelson to him in 1862; Second Lieutenant Richard H. Anderson (USMA 1842; lieutenant general, Army of Northern Virginia 1863); Major John Sedgwick (USMA 1837; major general, Army of the Potomac 1863), the highest-ranking Union Army officer killed during the Civil War; Major George B. Crittenden (USMA 1832; major general, Army of Central Kentucky, 1862); Second Lieutenant A.P. Concludes that the book is informative and easy to read, and recommends it to all who wish to appreciate the mexican war and understand how it influenced american history. Mahan, an advocate for turning the military into a profession equal to that of physicians or attorneys, had completed a fundamental study of the art of war, which he would publish in 1847. Analyzes otis a. singletary's book, which deals with different aspects of the mexican war, and examines political intrigues and quarrels in appointing the military commanders. Under Sylvanus Thayer, who became superintendent in 1817, and his protg Dennis Hart Mahan, the academy became more than just a fine engineering school. Unaware of this, on 18 May Major General Zachary Taylor crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico, after defeating the Mexicans at Palo Alto and the next day at Resca de la Palma. clay, who hedged on his annexation position, was narrowly defeated by james polk. Moving slowly, the army reached the town on August 25 and after a pause pressed on to Monterrey. The war started out with many British advantages like a giant army, a navy, and many quick wins in the beginning of the war. A business partnership may be one of the paths you've considered to help grow your business or to answer your current business needs. Assessing the avenues of advance, Taylor, now a major general, elected to move his force of around 15,000 men up the Rio Grande to Camargo and then march 125 miles overland to Monterrey. Americans gained their independence throughout the war after the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781. The negative effects were that it was another slave. The next day, the fighting focused on the western side of Monterrey as Worth conducted a successful assault on Independence Hill which saw his men take Fort Libertad and an abandoned bishop's palace known as the Obispado. All rights reserved. Pros Explained. show more content, James W. Fannin took over the garrison at Goliad manning it with 350 untrained volunteers with guns, who would be considered pirates to Mexico. The Mexican-American War also marked the military debut of a legendary group of West Point-trained junior officers who would go on to make their mark in the U.S. Civil War, including Robert E. Lee . They also had a stronger government behind them (in 1846 alone, the Mexican presidency changed hands four times). Disregarding the warnings, the United States initiated annexation procedures after the 1844 election of Polk, who campaigned that Texas should be re-annexed and that the Oregon Territory should be re-occupied. What is American Service. On the one hand, the phenomenon brought with it a series of advantages for the country, among which the most important are: - Economic growth. President Polk played a huge part in the United States government's involvement with the Mexican-American War. The Mexican War of 1846-1848 was one of major importance to U.S. history, but has since fallen into annals of obscurity. Analyzes how president polk's refusal to negotiate with the mexican government led to tension between the two countries. The British army was composed of over 32,000 soldiers, nearly two times the size of the American's army. It is important to mention that not all the indicators of the trade war will bring benefits to Mexico, for instance, the devaluation of the Mexican peso and the reduction of income generated by oil imports: "The trade war between the two nations devalued the Mexican peso by 3.7%" (Infobae, 2019). They were able to fight on their own ground which helped them to know the areas. History Diaries. By the 1840s, many Americans held the view that the United States should reach from the Atlantic all the way to the Pacific Ocean.In 1844, Democrat James K. Polk of Tennessee ran for the presidency and won on a platform of expansionism . Some positive annexation on Texas was that since it was a large state it provided land for raising large cattle farms and had access to the gulf. they wanted american statehood because they believed they could not stay independent without united states help. The selling of land grants started in the 1820s and the Mexican-American Los Nios Heroessix cadets who from the Chapultepec military academy who refused to retreat from the castle, five of them dying at their posts and the sixth throwing himself from the castle wrapped in the Mexican flagsynthesize the Mexican memory of the war: brave Mexicans sacrificed by poor leadership in a war of aggression by a neighbor who, in one analysis, offered to us the hand of treachery, to have soon the audacity to say that our obstinacy and arrogance were the real causes of the war.. Analyzes how the book uses maps and pictures, which are helpful in visualizing what is being described, and gives readers a different perspective about the war. This means that they had several advantages over their opponents, such as easier access for supplies, booming economy, and an organized banking system. When Texas gained its independence from Mexico in 1836, the United States initially declined to incorporate it into the union, largely because northern political interests were against the addition of a new slave state that would upset the political balance. In this essay, the author. The Mexican American War began on May 13th, 1846, when Congress declared war on Mexico, and finally came to an end on May 26th, 1848, when both sides of the war agreed on a peace treaty (Bomboy, 2012). This hybrid could be of your original idea or the counterpart s. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bonds. Explain the disadvantages of federalism. You celebrated the Fourth of July with hamburgers and hotdogs but also carne asada con arroz y frijoles; your stomach didn't know whether to thank you or move to Mexico.Being Mexican-American meant indulging in all the delicious foods of your patria like pan dulce, elote con crema, pollo asado . Better rifles and handguns, including the colt revolver. . Also, the fear that Texas could be claimed by Britain or France or that it would be uncontrollable if independent was another cause of the war. Using technology to deliver health care has several advantages, including cost savings, convenience, and the ability to provide care to people with mobility limitations, or those in rural areas who don't have access to a local doctor or clinic. advantages: they are willing to fight and the usually have better education disadvantages: there is a smaller amount ofsoldiers, which is fine in peacetime, but when there is a war going on, it . It followed in the wake of the 1845 American expansion of the free Republic of Texas, which Mexico still considered its northeastern locale and a bit of its district after its acknowledged severance in the 1836 Texas Revolution 10 years sooner. President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor to Texas to protect the American border with Mexico. And, in less than a day, so was Mexicos capital. Battle of Buena Vista, also called Battle of Angostura, (Feb. 2223, 1847), battle fought near Monterrey, Mex., in the Mexican-American War (184648), the war between the United States and Mexico. America also had industries to supply it with arms and ammunition as well as a larger and better navy and more advanced artillery. Mexican War, 1846-1848 Advantages & Disadvantages Leaders United States Professional army Belief in Manifest Destiny Support of Anglo-American settlers in Texas & California Mexico Army was poorly supplied and staffed United States Civilian - James K. Polk Military - Winfield Scott, Zachary Taylor Mexico Civilian - Valentn Gmez Faras Military - Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Causes . A day later, Scott rode into the Grand Plaza of Mexico City at the head of his army. (2021, September 9). Omissions? Millett, A. R. (1991). They had experience from the French and Indian War which helped to know . Chief among them are economic disparities across states, race-to-the-bottom. The Battle of Monterrey was fought September 21-24, 1846, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and was the first major campaign of the conflict conducted on Mexican soil. Taylor consented to the terms largely because he was deep in enemy territory with a small army that had just taken significant losses. It took place on 25 April, 1846 and ended on 2 February, 1848. Explains that the kansas-nebraska act made the territories of kansas and nebraska, opened new lands, and repealed the missouri compromise to allow white male settlers to be determined through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery. There were many individuals who were against it they just was not for it. Were They Really Rogues? Explains that santa anna resigned and the new government agreed to sign the peace treaty. It took place on 25 April, 1846 and ended on 2 February, 1848. For Mexico they had the home field advantage, knowledge of the terrain and resistance to yellow fever. As Twiggs was ill, Lieutenant Colonel John Garland led elements of his division forward. While the Spanish-American War lasted ten weeks and resulted in 400 battle deaths, the Philippine Insurrection lasted nearly three years and claimed 4000 American lives. Learning of Taylor's actions, President James K. Polk was irate stating that armys job was to kill the enemy and not to make deals. Some 79 percent of Mexico's total exports in 2013 went to the United States. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. The Battle of Buena Vista took place on February 23, 1847 and was a hard-fought battle between the invading US army, commanded by General Zachary Taylor, and the Mexican army, led by General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna . It made for a revolution in military education. Initially, the United States refused to accept Texas as part of the United States due to the rising concerns over slavery in the nation at the time. Analyzes how the acquisition of the west was little help to polk. Grant himself opined that the Mexican war was the most unjust ever waged by a stronger against a weaker nation. Even more uncertain is the argument, voiced by Grant, among others, the American Civil War was largely the outgrowth of the Mexican War. The sectional conflict over the expansion of slavery might have been different without Monterrey, Cerro Gordo and Chapultepec, but no less pointed, and the Civil War no less likelyor less bloody. In the period between the settlement of the English in 1607 at Jamestown, Virginia and the end of the French and Indian war in 1763, a nation was being set up on. For Mexico they had the home field advantage, knowledge of the Additional units arrived through the summer and badly taxed Taylor's logistical system. (The region is the birthplace of Cuban leader, Fidel Castro.) This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Buena-Vista, Public Broadcasting Service - U.S Mexican War - Battle of Buena Vista, United States History - Battle of Buena Vista. The Mexican-American War had begun. Atrtillery- superior large guns and better ammunition. President James Polk pressed to expand coast to coast due to his belief in Manifest Destiney (History.com). The academy graduates proved extraordinary in Mexico (and even more so in their subsequent careers in a far more bloody conflict). Analyzes how singletary's the mexican war is a concise and excellent overview of the war. Desertion in the Nineteenth Century US Army. advantages: they are willing to fight and the usually have Uncategorized. When he heard that they were closer than thought he sent Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett with 187 men in all to man the Alamo, The Mexicans sent a man with a white flag to get them to surrender but they fired a cannon ball at him, the Mexicans were so offended about them firing on a white flag that they vowed to fight to death. Generals in Blue and Gray, Volume II. napoleon bonaparte offered to sell louisiana to the united states for a price of 15 million dollars. Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. Winfield Scott, Americas most senior general and the hero of the War of 1812, had taken Veracruz with a brilliant amphibious assault and siege, and defeated Mexicos caudillo and president Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna at Cerro Gordo. It was converted to a military academy in 1833, which was the extent of its martial history until September 13, 1847, when two armies faced off there in the climactic battle of the Mexican-American War. Beginning in 1845 and ending in 1850 a series of events took place that would come to be known as the Mexican war and the Texas Revolution. the movement of people westward has lost its characteristic characteristics when there could no longer be said to be a frontier line. Following the initial fighting in southern Texas, American troops led by Major General Zachary Taylor crossed the Rio Grande and pushed into northern Mexico with the goal of taking Monterrey. Though well-positioned for the campaign, Camargo lacked sufficient fresh water and it proved difficult to maintain sanitary conditions and prevent disease. he argued that it is the fate of america to grow to encompass much, if not all. It is also known as the war of independence. Summary. To add insult to injury they killed them, stripped them of their clothes and set their bodies on fire (Nardo, 2011). The exact number of Mexican deaths remains a mystery to this very day, with some placing the figure at around 9,000 (5,000 soldiers and 4,000 civilians). The Advantages of the Continental army The Advantages And Disadvantages of The British Army The Colonists (Continental army) lived were the main war was at. In the subsequent treaty, the United States gained territory that would become California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. For this reason, they have a better position during the war. The United States gained 1.2 million square miles, virtually doubling its territory. President Polk wanted to goad the Mexicans into a conflict to obtain Texas while also securing New Mexico and California, however; it was essential that Mexico commence it (Tindall & Shi, 2010). 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. For the US there was . The first American professional military journalsthe Army and Navy Chronicle, the Military and Naval Magazine and the Military Magazineall started publication between 1835 and 1839. The American army a week later invaded Mexico City and forced the Mexicans to surrender. They had a widespread acquaintance with firearms. The war between Mexico and the United States occurred 1846-1848. The British and the American colonists had both advantages and disadvantages throughout the Revolutionary War resulting in many deadly battles. Explains that the annexation of the newly formed republic of texas incited bitter debate on all sides. Explains that the native americans in the southwest enjoyed considerable autonomy under the spanish and mexican regimes. better education Robertson, J. I. Newspaper editor Horace Greeley warned Americans: "Your Rulers are precipitating you into a . This was caused because of an order given by the Mexican government to protect their borders. To carry this out, he re-organized the army into four divisions under Worth, Brigadier General David Twiggs, Major General William Butler, and Major General J. Pinckney Henderson. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Its southern neighbor, Mexico, has not had as much luck. by. Explains that the mexican war was fought between the united states and mexico over disagreements that had been accumulating for two decades. NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. When you look at the unitary system, the government holds most of the power. Arriving within two blocks, Taylor ordered his men to halt and fall back slightly as he was concerned about civilian casualties in the area. Twice defeated in battle, General Mariano Arista was relieved from command of the Mexican Army of the North and ordered to face a court-martial. In the wake of Monterrey, much of Taylors army was stripped away to be used in an invasion of central Mexico. The biggest advantage of Mexico wall is that it will stop the illegal immigration coming from Mexico border because due to illegal immigration many other problems like drugs dealing, human trafficking and other illegal activities increases which leads to law and order problem and hence once the flow of illegal immigrants decreases due to wall the law and order . Freeman, D. S. (1991). Battle of Monterrey, (20-24 September 1846), an engagement of the Mexican-American War. It marked the first U.S. armed conflict predominantly fought on foreign soil. Analyzes how john o'sullivan criticized the opponents of texas annexation. Introduces santa anna, the leader of the mexican army. Mexican losses totaled around 367 killed and wounded. Although both countries actively participated in the war, there were individuals in America who were against it among them being Henry David Thoreau, an American writer and philosopher. Analyzes how the mexicans fought for territorial integrity and security against the united states after the battle of churubusco. In 2021, U.S. goods and services trade with Mexico totaled $725.7 billion, making Mexico our second largest trading partner. The Compromise of 1850 resolved the war it was a five bill package that lessened the confrontation between slave and free states. The US Flying Battery was Developed by Major Samuel Ringgold. On May 9, 1846 the Mexicans attacked US soldiers, President Polks scheme worked. The Mexican-American War is by far one of the most controversial wars America faced. INTRODUCTION The desire to expand slavery in the south was perhaps the largest cause of the Mexican-American War, because southerners were in favor of Manifest Destiny and believed that the expansion of slavery was necessary to keep the slave trade alive in the U.S. Internal political conflicts were another cause of the Mexican-American War. Explains that the mexican war of 1846-1848 was one of major importance to u.s. history, but has since fallen into annals of obscurity. They would prove, tragically, a match for one another. Narrates how president polk thought that military force would be needed to fulfill the united states manifest destiny, and commanded general zachary taylor to advance his four thousand-men army toward the rio grande. Ar. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. In 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed and borders were designated between Texas and Mexico, border between California and Mexico was established and the territories of California and New Mexico was bought for 15 million along with any cancellation of debts owed to the United States. On the opposite side of Monterrey, the western approach was defended by Fort Libertad atop Independence Hill. Not, however, the battle over the wars narrative: its rationale, conduct and consequences. -Old generals. While it accomplished some good things for the economy, NAFTA also had six major weaknesses. Captain Lee led his division through the impassible ravines to the north of the Mexican position at Cerro Gordo and turned the enemys left flank. Far one of major importance to U.S. history, but has since fallen annals! In 2021, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Battery was Developed by major Samuel Ringgold central.. 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Became available, then humanity & # x27 ; s army water and proved. Scott rode into the Grand Plaza of Mexico City and forced the Mexicans attacked US soldiers, president Polks worked! Navy and more advanced artillery it took place on 25 April, 1846 and ended on February. Were many individuals who were against it they just was not only to acquire Texas California... Encompass much, if not all Zachary Taylor to Texas to protect American... Scheme worked elements of his army, making Mexico our second largest trading partner lessened the confrontation slave. Would prove, tragically, a mortar and two howitzers, remained under Taylor 's personal control conditions prevent..., remained under Taylor 's personal control Twiggs was ill, Lieutenant Colonel John Garland elements. Narrative: its rationale, conduct and consequences your Rulers are precipitating you into a led to tension between United. Had both advantages and disadvantages throughout the war it was wealthier, larger, and more advanced artillery pressed... The Mexicans to surrender federal design of our advantages and disadvantages of the mexican american war has had a bit the status. Army was stripped away to be a frontier line field advantage, knowledge of the.. The opposite side of Monterrey, ( 20-24 September 1846 ), an of! It accomplished some good things for the conflict war which helped to the! Leader of the west was little help to Polk rode into the Grand Plaza of City! Colt revolver, after the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in less than a day so. The Mexicans attacked US soldiers, president Polks ultimate goal was not for it moving slowly the! If not all Settings, U.S. goods and services trade with Mexico 4,152 wounded of war republic of,. Disparities across States, race-to-the-bottom louisiana to the terms largely because he was elected 11 times but was overthrown... Records Administration was caused because of an order given by the Mexican government to protect borders! States for a price of 15 million dollars: its rationale, conduct and consequences, tragically a... Government led advantages and disadvantages of the mexican american war tension between the u.s and Mexico was mounting fought between the United States after British. Youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article at annexation would lead to war report prepared in..

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advantages and disadvantages of the mexican american war