map of fault lines in kentucky

That is because the strata on the left side of the photo have moved downward relative to the strata on the right side of the photo. Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern It has produced magnitude 8 to 8. 8). hb```">&S ac`a8 _o9j{VkL*1{|icPGEO&u\w:=q$O\S-9 T ` ` @@ vfb3"|$2f b v` rY lY`a609060 `@X vH;3b :k0\U\(C&0@u0 FV\s It was the largest tremor felt in the state since 2003. The Jessamine dome (fig. A fault line is a place in the earth where two plates move against each other which causes movements in the Earths crust. from about 1,500 to about 1,000 m.y. This map courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows the major earthquake hazard areas within the United States based on fault lines. In essence, these faults acted as a hinge line that cracked and broke when the Appalachian Basin was subsiding. } summarized the available gravity, magnetic, seismic refraction, and petrologic data for Kentucky and Output includes the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views. Mo., a few miles from the border of westernmost Kentucky (Heyl and McKeown, 1978). These faults were pathways for mineral-rich fluids, which deposited many types of minerals including fluorite. http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/download/wrs/MADISON.pdf, Water well information is available at: http://wris.state.ky.us/website/kgs/viewer.htm. August 1, 2012 Thousands of earthquakes have been recorded in this region since 1974. include the Michigan basin as well. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Because movement of the earths crust has occurred along the fault plane, rocks in the roof and floor may be highly fractured and sheared near the fault, which can weaken roof strata along the fault, leading to potential roof falls. The hard dolomite of the Boyle formation was undercut by weathering of the softer shale of the Crab Orchard Formation, which caused the dolomite to fracture and fall. Englund and Roen (1963) suggested a meteor-impact origin for the structure on the basis of the presence of 1 on the Richter scale. Earthquakes still occur on these faults, but most are so small that they are barely felt. dome (Lexington dome of some authors), a culmination of the arch in central Kentucky; the Cumberland Did you know record earthquakes have rocked Kentucky? The Cascadia Subduction Zone, Pacific Northwest By the time Lewis and Clark arrived on the West Coast in 1805, it had been 105 years since the Cascadia Subduction Zone last ruptured, sending a large portion of the Pacific Ocean roaring toward the coast. (1983, p. 24). The New Madrid earthquakes of the winter of 1811-1812 were the largest in the history of the United States. Buschbach and Atherton (1979) suggest that The oldest rocks at the surface in the State occur in central Kentucky, because older rock strata is pushed upward along a broad bulge, called the Cincinnati Arch, which in Kentucky, stretches from Covington in the north, to just west of Dale Hollow Lake in the south. To select data from a rectangular area, hold the Ctrl key (use Cmd key on Macs) and drag the pointer. Known Kentucky occurrences: Tectonic faults do not occur everywhere, so faulting is not pervasive. The boundary between these two structural provinces, Modifications to the landscape require careful planning to mitigate negative impacts. This map shows the major fault lines in the US! Mapped faults provide an obvious location and orientation that can be projected in advance of mining. Magnitude 5.2. The nature of the Precambrian basement is not well known. The GFZ runs north-south through central Kentucky, stretching from near Louisville eastward to the Appalachian foothills. Lexington, Kentucky River, and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems (fig. In Alabama, the fault line is concentrated in the northeastern part of the state, extending from Cullman County to Lauderdale County. migration of an arch through northeastern Kentucky in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician; they Oil, natural gas, and water can migrate along faults, leading to oil-, gas-, and water-charged sandstones in mine roofs near faults. What are the most dangerous fault lines in the USA? The. lineament, defined by aeromagnetic and gravity data, which lies across the easternmost tip of Kentucky; Arkansas experiences earthquakes due to having proximity to the New Madrid Fault Line. The quake woke a lot of people in the northeast up to the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) below the Mason Dixon and the consequential effects it could have on major cities along the East Coast. All files associated with this page are copyrighted 1997 The time of formation of the Cincinnati arch in central Kentucky has recently been discussed by McDowell In areas overlying limestone, septic system leaks can occur through fractures in the limestone, contaminating groundwater. For information on obtaining Kentucky Geological Survey maps and publications call: Public Information Center 859.257.3896. The tectonic plates of the earth are the large, moving portions of the lithosphere (the solid outer layer of the earth) and they typically cover entire continents or ocean basins. Rock strata often dip more steeply near faults or between closely spaced faults. Slickensides are common and tend to parallel the direction of movement along the fault. The Rough Creek fault system (Rough Creek-Shawneetown of some authors) crosses the southern end of The USDA-NRCS can provide guidance on the application of these liners to new construction, and for treatment of existing leaking ponds. A magnitude J8T< B%3 F>YM^S=d0BqeCCu &8E2AYx`LR {]T)|x% ;". several thousand years (McKeown, 1982, p. 1), damaging earthquakes in the region have been common Closer to home is the Ramapo Fault Zone, which stretches from New York through New Jersey to Pennsylvania and was most active millions of years ago during the formation of the Appalachian Mountains. <]/Prev 1512027>> Successful pond construction must prevent water from seeping through structured soils into limestone solution channels below. Stresses exerted by swelling soils have caused this block wall surrounding a condominium complex (not in Madison County) to tilt and break. The Waverly arch and the Kentucky show the general aspect of this broad uplift and the high-angle fault systems that transect it. major structural features, and tectonic history, including age of deformation where known. Cincinnati arch.--The Cincinnati arch, a prominent regional uplift in the eastern midcontinent, extends from Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Moorman syncline extends into southern Illinois, where it is known as the Eagle strata. Although some reports indicate an Early section B-B' on sheet I of the geologic map). 16; not labeled on the geologic map) occupies most of central Kentucky, as No, Kentucky is not on a major fault line. Yes, Kentucky is in a seismic zone. Normal faults are faults in which one side of the earths crust is offset downward relative to the other side. Usually, movements along faults are not great at any one time. " $ #& The death toll likely would have been much higher if the quake had lasted any longer. probably disappeared during most of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Rice and others, 1979, p. F5, In most cases, faulting impedes mining and forms the boundary of a mine, so adverse roof conditions adjacent to faults lead to entries along mine boundaries being abandoned. Earthquakes that occur in the zone can have a significant impact on the region, primarily due to the regions large population and aging infrastructure. the Nashville dome in central Tennessee through central Kentucky to northwestern Ohio, where it downward as much as 200 ft. Valley syncline (Krause and Treworgy, 1979). inactive ancient rift zone now recognized in the subsurface there (Hinze and others, 1980). Surface faults are well mapped, but unmapped faults or splinter faults branching from mapped faults are sometimes encountered. Other leakage prevention measures include synthetic liners, bentonite, and asphaltic emulsions. southern part of the Illinois basin lies in Kentucky and includes the Pennsylvanian strata of the western coal geophysical features of the region that may be useful in understanding the nature of the seismicity. Breckinridge County - Hardinsburg. Geophysical recurrence curve plotted for the New Madrid seismic zone (Nuttli, 1979) shows that, for example, in a Updates? border of the trough, which coincides with the Kentucky River fault system. The arch continued East of the fluorspar faults there are two sets of faults that trend east-west. bifurcates to form the Kankakee and Findlay arches (fig. It. As an alternative, use your computer or device screen capture tool to make an image of the map. There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. document.write(d.getFullYear()); 1 magnitude earthquake occurred in the state of California on July 5, 2019. The fractures are covered by thick layers of rock, which in turn are . Only the western edge of the Appalachian Basin is preserved in Kentucky, so that Pennsylvanian strata continue to dip into the subsurface in eastern Kentucky. Click the section headings to expand or collapse reports. Thankfully, there were only minor reported injuries and no deaths associated with the quake. The fault system runs from the Mississippi Delta, through Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. Ponds constructed in dry weather are more apt to leak than ponds constructed in wet weather. The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in Virginias history. Major tectonic events in Kentucky for which evidence has accumulated begin with late Precambrian rifting This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of. gentle dome culminates near the intersection of the Lexington and Kentucky River fault systems (fig. USGS The USGS has a faults website that includes an interactive fault map that allows users to views a map. Fault gouge is commonly mineralized. The general configuration of the basin is shown by a contour map of the base of the The quakes were so strong the mighty Mississippi River flowed backward for three days. Map showing Quaternary faults in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean. California experiences thousands of earthquakes each year, many of which cause moderate to significant damage. Earthquakes are rarely felt in Kentucky, and major damaging earthquakes are extremely unlikely. upwarping in the Early to Middle Devonian, and again during formation of the regional Mississippian If the New Madrid fault line went off, it would cause catastrophic destruction. The sulfur content of coals may also increase or decrease near faults because of past fluid migration that led to deposition or removal of sulfates from the seam. An Equal Opportunity University. Both sides of the Illinois Basin are preserved in western Kentucky, which is why the Pennsylvanian strata on the geologic map have a roughly circular pattern surrounded by Mississippian strata. While the state is not located in an area that is highly prone to earthquakes, it is located in an area with a moderate level of seismic activity. from the Illinois and Michigan basins. Computer Simulation of a Magnitude 7.7 Earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone This animation shows the simulated ground motion of the Earth's surface that could occur in the central U.S. region for a magnitude 7.7 strike-slip earthquake on the southern section of the New Madrid seismic zone. What is the Jane Austen Society of North America. 1 earthquake, which caused some damage to homes and businesses in the area. Kentucky (fig. Branches of the fault extend into Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Kentucky was succeeded by intrusion of ultramafic dikes (western Kentucky) and diatremes (eastern basin as a whole contains sedimentary rocks of Precambrian to Early Permian age in a sequence that has a The Pine Mountain overthrust fault brings Devonian and younger rocks New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earths crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. According to aNew York Postreport in 2017, On average, the region has witnessed a moderate quake (about a 5.0 on the Richter scale) every hundred years. It is labeled on the geologic map, but it appears as a small, round outcrop area of the Muldraugh Member of the Pronounced effects of arching are shown by pre-Middle Devonian Fractures in limestone are enhanced by slightly acidic rainwater to produce sinkhole collapses, which are infilled with soil from the surface. The vertical component has been stretched or vertically exaggerated in the above diagram. A quake of this magnitude would have devastating consequences on infrastructure and could potentially trigger massive tsunamis. The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Motts Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, the McKee Fault, the Newpaw Fault and the Pottsville Fault. The quake was felt for over 200,000 square miles, including in the Carolinas, Alabama, Kentucky, and West Virginia. In Mississippi, the fault line passes through the following counties: Tishomingo, Itawamba, Pontotoc, Prentiss, as well as part of Tippah and Alcorn counties. Through millions of years, strata have gradually dropped downward above the rift, along the southern edge of the Rough Creek faults and the northern edge of the Pennyroyal Faults. Rough Creek graben, that was active as early as latest Precambrian or earliest Cambrian time and that has may have originated much earlier, however: Schwalb (1969, p. 9) identified a Cambrian-Ordovician basin of In some cases, coals become mineralized (calcite veins, etc.) They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. bounded rift zone which is responsible for the relatively high level of modern seismic activity in the New A compacted clay liner, or artificial liner, may prevent pond failure. When strata moves along a fault an earthquake occurs. These fractures can also contribute to roadway failure. For more information on the groundwater resources of the county, see Carey and Stickney (2001). 5 earthquake lasted approximately 10 minutes. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2. The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Mott's Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, Borden Formation (Mbf) at the east margin of sheet 3 about 4 mi south of the Ohio River. Therefore, the term "Illinois basin" is used herein to avoid confusion.) However, there have been seismic readings taken from areas like the Indian Ocean that have recorded seismic readings of up to 10. Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. Zoom in instead. suggesting a "crypto-volcanic" nature. Webb (1969) and Silberman (1972) have interpreted subsurface data as by a brecciated center within a belt of concentric faults. The Kentucky Building and Residential Codes (Fig. This function will create two bookmark links to save the current map layout with or without the current extent: These basemaps are displayed above the ESRI basemaps. central area, and a downdropped peripheral belt. In the remainder of the major creek valleys throughout the county, some wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply except during dry weather. The downbow in eastern Kentucky is part of the Appalachian Basin, which extends from Pennsylvania to Alabama. A compiled set of FAULT features for the state of Kentucky as digitized by the Geospatial Analysis Section, Digital Mapping Team. But, also located beneath much of western Kentucky is the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). The fault line, located in the Midwest region of the United States, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes. province, and a western mildly deformed part referred to as the Appalachian Plateaus; the latter include the In some cases, where offset is not too great, mine plans can be altered to ramp (adjust the dip of the excavated entries up or down) across the fault to the level of the coal on the other side of the fault. thrust that underlies the structurally complex Middlesboro syncline. mapping has revealed numerous minor normal faults and grabens, many en echelon in northwest-trending An expression (above) of the Kentucky River Fault occurring in limestone north of Clays Ferry bridge on I-75, which continues under the bridge itself (below). Within the thin Kentucky River valley along the northern edge of Madison County, and in the lower reaches of the valleys of the larger creeks that empty into the Kentucky River, most drilled wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply at depths of less than 100 feet. These faults roughly parallel the trend of the Cincinnati Arch and are related to the origin of the stresses that upbowed the Arch, deep beneath the surface of Kentucky. 5) also show right lateral offset of about The US Geological Survey estimates that the likelihood of an earthquake with a magnitude of 6 or greater in Kentucky is 0. At the second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the Herrin coal (W. Ky. No. . Despite these studies, the seismic activity in Kentucky remains relatively low in comparison to other areas of the United States, and there is no evidence that highly destructive seismic activity is likely in the near future. Roof support: Slickensides and fractures near faults can cause adverse roof conditions, and roofs may require supplemental support, as discussed for fractures. Offsets on these fault zones are mostly down to the south. 14), and then after some distance, crossed another fault. 0000000879 00000 n surveys of the area (Black and others, 1977) show a close relationship between gravity and magnetic data Lying in the central area of the North American Plate, the seismic zone is about 45 miles (70 km) wide and about 125 miles (200 km) long. The quake was the largest earthquake ever recorded in magnitude and intensity, occurring off the coast of Valparaiso, Chile. Middle and Late Ordovician age; no younger beds are preserved in the area. 16). GIS KT map from ArcGIS site: "1:24,000 Geologic Map Data for Kentucky in GeoSCiML. In addition to the physical destruction caused by the 9. granites, metasediments, and felsic volcanics are associated with gravity lows, while mafic volcanics, Yes, there have been 10. and Pakiser, 1982) provides detailed descriptions of historic and modern seismicity and geologic and The faults shown on the Madison County map represent seismic activity that occurred several million years ago at the latest. Thankfully, the area was not as populated as it is now, so the damage was limited. Some seismologists believe that the maximum magnitude for a quake is 9. expression of a cryptoexplosive structure nearly 4 mi across in Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian rocks. 141 0 obj <>stream The surface traces of faults are shown as black line segments on the geologic map, and offsets along some of the major faults are shown in the block diagram. There are numerous faults in Kentucky. According to the Colorado Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, The Sangre de Cristo Fault, which lies at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains along the eastern edge of the San Luis Valley, and the Sawatch Fault, which runs along the eastern edge of the Sawatch Range, are two of the most prominent potentially active faults in Colorado and that Seismologists predict that Colorado will again experience a magnitude 6.5 earthquake at some unknown point in the future.. place of about 35,000 ft (Colton, 1970, p. 13). We've received your submission. Rock excavation may be required in areas with shallow soil (excavation was not required here). 16). Overall, the Madrid Fault Line affects the following states: Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The relative direction or motion of movement defines the type of fault. Reservoir embankments built on limestone must take into account the type of rock used as a base. thisYr = thisYr + 1900; %PDF-1.4 % in western Kentucky (the Rough Creek graben of Soderberg and Keller (1981) and the Mississippi 8, with anything past that not being measureable or happening at all. It is also known as the Waynesville earthquake, although the epicenter was closer to Skyland. County geology. 0. If a quake of that magnitude were to occur, it would result in widespread damage across much of the midwestern states, including Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee. View the KGS World Wide Web site at: www.uky.edu/kgs. Parts of Kentucky may be profoundly affected by seismicity in the well-known New Madrid seismic zone of While stronger quakes can still occur, they are rare and damage is usually minimal. Without remedial measures, the house will actually become deformed and shatter masonry and windows. In seismic exploration, energy waves are directed into the ground and are reflected by the different grouping of rocks back up to the surface and recorded. This is a known . The faults along the southern border of the Western Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Illinois Basin in Kentucky) include the Pennyroyal Fault System. It is responsible for several of the fault lines that run through New York City, including one under 125thStreet. No, there is no tectonic plate located in Kentucky. 133 0 obj <> endobj There are at least 16 known fault lines in Kentucky, with many more that have yet to be mapped and studied. An Equal Opportunity University. The The Rough Creek fault zone is made up of numerous high Major cities like Portland, Seattle and Vancouver lie along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which scientists say has the capability of a 9.0 or 10 magnitude earthquake 16 times more powerful than the 1906 quake which ravaged San Francisco. and Kankakee arches on the north and east (fig. they postulate large-scale strike-slip displacement in basement rocks under the Appalachian basin, perhaps Seismic risk associated with these faults is very low. A few drill holes have penetrated these rocks in central Kentucky where they are as little as 5,000 feet beneath the surface, but in most areas they occur at depths that have not been drilled, so little is known about them. (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS. area dominated by numerous closely spaced high-angle faults trending northeastward from the Mississippi Cross sections C-C' through F-F' on sheet 2 of the geologic map These are discussed in the section on faults. Atherton (1971, p. 37) suggested that the Kankakee arch, the northwestward extension of the 198 earthquakes in the past 365 days. inclusion of the Cumberland thrust sheet of southeasternmost Kentucky in the fold-and-thrust province. to be a positive feature in Devonian time, but its influence on sedimentation in Kentucky waned and What are gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond KY? Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. The arch thus separates the Appalachian basin Keller (1981) indicate that the Moorman syncline is underlain by a large graben, which they name the Powered by Leaflet Maps provided by MapQuest, OpenStreetMap and contributors., USGS, Peter Bird, USGS. Other hypotheses attribute faulting to the continued rebound of the crust stemming from the most recent ice age, the buildup of pressure within the Reelfoot Rift zone located in the crustal rocks underground, or the stress brought on by mantle flow changes caused by the descent of the ancient Farallon Plate directly below the region. (epicentre 36.6 N 89.6 W), each measuring greater than magnitude 7.0. subsidence of the Rome trough (Cable and Beardsley, 1984). The Appalachian basin in Kentucky contains several major structural features: the Kentucky River and Harris (1978) combined the Rome trough with structure, about midway between Louisville and Lexington (sheet 2), is 14,000 ft in diameter. The Pennyrile fault system (Green River fault zone of Lidiak Below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks. The NMFZ is the most significant of these lines, running west-south through the western part of the state, from the Illinois border through Paducah and extending along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the west. These structures appear on sheet Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. Most polygon layers have some transparency set (e.g. Thanks for contacting us. The present structural relief on the arch results mostly from latest Paleozoic The most dramatic fault shown in the block diagram is the Pine Mountain thrust fault, which occurs in southeasternmost Kentucky. Newton, J.H., McDonald, H.P., Preston, D.G., Richardson, A.J., and Sims, R., 1973, Soil survey of Madison County, Kentucky: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 103 p. Sparks, T.N., Dever, G.R., Jr., and Anderson, W.H., 2001, Geologic map of the Harrodsburg 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, central Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. A recently assembled series of studies on the New Madrid region (McKeown Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. Potential roof-fall hazards: Fault gouge, slickensides, and fractures near faults can cause adverse roof conditions, but these roof weaknesses diminish away from the fault plane (Sheperd and Fisher, 1978; Nelson, 1981). Kentucky geologic map data A GIS database of geologic units and structural features in Kentucky, with lithology, age, data structure, and format written and arranged just like the other states. Arches on the groundwater resources of the trough, which deposited many types of minerals including.. ( fig not pervasive which coincides with the quake was felt for over 200,000 square miles, one! The second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the coal! Quake of this broad uplift and the high-angle fault systems ( fig were the largest earthquake ever recorded in and... ( not in Madison County ) to tilt and break and Stickney ( 2001.... Has been stretched or vertically exaggerated in the Midwest region of the United States, responsible. Image of the lexington and Kentucky leakage prevention measures include synthetic liners, bentonite, and major earthquakes. Concentrated in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean against each other which causes in. 1 earthquake, although the epicenter was closer to Skyland Green River fault systems, the fault middle Late... Lexington, Kentucky River fault zone of Lidiak below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic.... A rectangular area, hold the Ctrl key ( use Cmd key on Macs ) and drag pointer. Many of which cause moderate to significant damage age ; no younger beds preserved. 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